Global Technological Trends in Traditional and New Energy-A Comparative and Integrated Analysis

Abstract

The global energy system is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the dual imperatives of climate change mitigation and energy security. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the technological development trends in traditional (fossil-based) and new (renewable and low-carbon) energy systems, examining their evolving roles, innovation trajectories, and interactions. Through a review of recent literature, industry data, and policy frameworks, we identify key technological advancements, challenges, and synergies between the two sectors. The findings highlight that while traditional energy technologies are focusing on efficiency improvements and carbon mitigation, new energy technologies are rapidly scaling through breakthroughs in materials science, digitalization, and system integration. The future energy landscape will likely be characterized by a hybrid model where traditional and new energy sources co-evolve, with technology serving as the critical bridge for a sustainable transition.